Doctor and patient look at prostate models of normal and enlarged prostates. See more men's health pictures.
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Prostate Health
For men, maintaining prostate health becomes a greater concern with age. An awareness of dietary options and nutritional support to promote optimal prostate function is the best weapon to deter a future battle.
The prostate gland secretes fluid that combines with sperm to create semen, and is located around the urethra, the tube that allows urine to flow out of the bladder. A common problem with age is enlargement of the prostate. If the gland grows too much, it can pinch off the flow of urine through the urethra. Symptoms of prostate enlargement therefore include frequent trips to the bathroom (most noticeable at night), a weak urine stream and persistent sensations of needing to urinate. The prostate is also susceptible to infections which can cause pain in the pelvis, or pain and burning with urination.
Note that men with prostate enlargement may also have low testosterone levels, which can lead to additional problems such as fatigue, depression and vascular disease. A physician can check testosterone through standard blood testing.
Prostate cancer is the number one diagnosed cancer of men. Though the aggressiveness of the cancer will vary among patients, it is a very serious diagnosis. Prostate cancer may be detected during a routine prostate exam screening or through a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. Prostate cancer may cause symptoms similar to prostate enlargement. Risk factors for prostate cancer include increasing age, family history and race (African American). Not every man with prostate enlargement has prostate cancer, but the symptoms may overlap. Inform a doctor of any problems associated with frequent urination or pelvic pain.
The prostate gland requires a constant supply of nutrients to prevent overgrowth and cancerous cells. Learn about nutritional support for the prostate on the next page.
Nutritional Support for the Prostate
Conveniently, food that is healthy for the prostate also benefits the rest of the body. Omega-3 fatty acids and plenty of fruits and vegetables are needed as part of a daily diet. Fatty fish like salmon or tuna, or supplemental fish oil should be the central focus of intake. Limit sources of saturated fats like fried foods, red meats and dairy. Soy is beneficial and should be a part of daily nutrition. Choose more natural sources like soy beans, tofu or tempeh.
Many nutrients are available to help with the frequent urination associated with prostate growth. Supplements geared toward prostate symptoms are typically sold in combination. Use this listing as a reference for information on ingredients and dosing.
- Zinc. 15-30 mg daily, with food. Zinc is a vital nutrient for the prostate. Every 15-25 mg of zinc should be taken with 1 mg of copper (often found as part of a multivitamin).
- Saw palmetto.160 mg twice daily or 320 mg once a day. Be certain to look for products containing a standardized extract of at least 85% fatty acids and 0.2% sterols.
- Pygeum. 100-200 mg daily.
- Stinging nettle (root). 200-300 mg daily.
- Beta-sitosterol. 200 mg daily. This is a plant sterol, similar in form to cholesterol found in all plants, that’s been shown to increase urinary flow. Beta-sitosterol is what makes saw palmetto, pygeum and stinging nettles so effective.
- Lycopene. 10 mg a day. Lycopene is found in many vegetables, especially tomato paste. Other sources include red grapefruit, apricots and watermelon.
There are also daily supplements that are suggested for those at a high risk of prostate cancer.
- Selenium. 200 mcg a day.
- Vitamin E. 400 IU daily. Look for a product containing mixed tocopherols.
- Pomegranate juice. 8 ounces a day.
- Green tea. 3-5 cups of the decaffeinated variety daily.
Should men have annual prostate exams? If so, at what age?African Americans and those with a family history of prostate cancer should begin screening at age 40. Other men should start at age 50. Screening involves a digital rectal exam and a PSA test. The American Cancer Society recommends screening annually, but the United States Preventative Services Task Force has not found sufficient evidence to support routine screening in men without increased risk. It is best to speak with your physician about your personal risk and a screening routine.